Fuzzy system for vertical handover decision and maximization of battery life in heterogeneous wireless multimedia networks

The applications that consume high bandwidth and energy consumption have been increasing considerably fast in mobile networks. However, the mobile devices do not offer support to battery capacity for the intensive / continuous use of such applications. In addition, mobile networks currently have a high degree of heterogeneity and comprise a wide variety of networks with different technologies, such as LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX. Therefore, it is necessary the tradeoff to ensure that QoE is provided to users in this scenario, as well as an energy efficiency strategy designed to extend the battery life of mobile devices. This thesis proposes an intelligent architecture based on Fuzzy logic, capable of providing support to decision making to save the energy of mobile devices within an integrated LTE and Wi-Fi network. Considering user satisfaction, the gains obtained through the PSNR, SSIM and VQM metrics were respectively 32%, 31% and 91% higher than the architecture without Fuzzy logic. Thus, the simulated experiments show the benefits and feasibility of the proposed solution.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAplicativos que consomem elevada largura de banda e energia vem aumentando consideravelmente em ritmo acelerado em redes móveis. No entanto, os dispositivos móveis sofrem com a falta de capacidade de bateria suficiente para o uso intensivo/contínuo de tais aplicativos. Em adição, as redes móveis atualmente possuem alto grau de heterogeneidade e compreendem uma grande variedade de redes com diferentes tecnologias, como LTE, Wi-Fi e WiMAX. Portanto, deve haver o necessário tradeoff de garantir que a qualidade da experiência (QoE — Quality of Experience) seja fornecida para os usuários neste cenário, assim como uma estratégia de eficiência energética projetada para estender a vida útil da bateria de dispositivos móveis. Esta tese propõe uma arquitetura inteligente baseado na lógica Fuzzy, capaz de fornecer subsídios para apoio à tomada de decisões visando a economizar a energia de dispositivos móveis dentro de uma rede LTE e Wi-Fi integrada. Considerando a satisfação do usuário, os ganhos obtidos através das métricas de PSNR, SSIM e VQM foram respectivamente 32%, 31% e 91% superior a arquitetura sem a lógica Fuzzy. Assim, os experimentos simulados mostram os benefícios e a viabilidade da solução proposta

A Fuzzy Logic System for Vertical Handover and Maximizing Battery Lifetime in Heterogeneous Wireless Multimedia Networks

Bandwidth and power hungry applications are proliferating in mobile networks at a rapid pace. However, mobile devices have been suffering from a lack of sufficient battery capacity for the intensive/continuous use of these applications. In addition, the mobile ecosystem is currently heterogeneous and comprises a plethora of networks with different technologies such as LTE, Wi-Fi, and WiMaX. Hence, an issue must be addressed to ensure that quality of experience (QoE) is provided for the users in this scenario: an energy-efficient strategy that is designed to extend the battery lifetime of mobile devices. This paper proposes an architecture which provides an intelligent decision-making support system based on Fuzzy Logic for saving the energy of mobile devices within an integrated LTE and Wi-Fi network. The simulated experiments show the benefits of the solution this architecture can provide by using QoE metrics

Unmanned aerial vehicle with handover management fuzzy system for 5G networks: challenges and perspectives

The next generation of wireless networks, 5G, and beyond will bring more complexities and configuration issues to set the new wireless networks, besides requirements for important and new services. These new generations of wireless networks, to be implemented, are in extreme dependence on the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in wireless communication networks has opened several possibilities with increased flexibility and performance. Besides, they are considered as one of the most promising technologies to be used in the new wireless networks. Thus, UAVs are expected to be one of the most important applications to provide a new way of connectivity to the 5G network, and it is expected to grow from being a 19.3 billion USD industry in 2019 to 45.8 billion USD by 2025. In this paper, we provide a proposal of handover management on aerial 5G network utilizing the fuzzy system. The simulations performed prove the benefits of our proposal by QoS/QoE (quality of service/quality of experience) metrics

Time-Course of Redox Status, Redox-Related, and Mitochondrial-Dynamics-Related Gene Expression after an Acute Bout of Different Physical Exercise Protocols

We investigated the magnitude of exercise-induced changes in muscular bioenergetics, redox balance, mitochondrial function, and gene expression within 24 h after the exercise bouts performed with different intensities, durations, and execution modes (continuous or with intervals). Sixty-five male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: one control (n = 5) and three experimental groups (20 animals/group), submitted to a forced swimming bout with an additional load (% of animal weight): low-intensity continuous (LIC), high-intensity continuous (HIC), and high-intensity interval (HII). Five animals from each group were euthanized at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postexercise. Gastrocnemius muscle was removed to analyze the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a), fusion (Mfn2), fission (Dnm1L), and mitophagy (Park2), as well as inflammation (Nos2) and antioxidant defense (Nfe2l2, GPx1). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and citrate synthase (CS) activity were also measured. Lactacidemia was measured from a blood sample obtained immediately postexercise. Lactacidemia was higher the higher the exercise intensity (LIC < HIC < HII), while the inverse was observed for TBARS levels. The CS activity was higher in the HII group than the other groups. The antioxidant activity was higher 24 h postexercise in all groups compared to the control and greater in the HII group than the LIC and HIC groups. The gene expression profile exhibited a particular profile for each exercise protocol, but with some similarities between the LIC and HII groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the intervals applied to high-intensity exercise seem to minimize the signs of oxidative damage and drive the mitochondrial dynamics to maintain the mitochondrial network, similar to low-intensity continuous exercise